Arduino based Touchless Temperature Sensing Visitor Notification System

The highly contagious COVID'19 virus's extensive distribution caused the pandemic, which intensified the importance of personal cleanliness and health. Wearing a protective face mask, keeping a certain physical distance, and regularly washing your hands with soap or hand sanitizer are a few precautions you may take to stay safe during this pandemic. An automatic touchless temperature-monitoring doorbell can provide guarded and touch-free temperature sensing, thus informing the household members. The widespread usage of outdated touch-type doorbells may result in the transmission of the coronavirus. The aforementioned article describes a novel approach to creating a Novel Doorbell system that can be activated using gestures and simultaneously detects the person's temperature and notifies the home of a suspected infectious disease. © 2023 IEEE.

Detection of Social Isolation Based on Meal-Taking Activity and Mobility of Elderly People Living Alone

Objectives Background Social isolation is probably one of the most affected health outcomes in the elderly people, particularly those living alone, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we try to identify it by detecting changes in the elderly such as malnutrition and lack of mobility. Material and methods The system consists of two types of sensors installed at various locations in the user's home: Passive infrared (PIR) sensors and reed switch sensors. It was implemented for 15 days in the home of a 26-year-old student living alone, as a first step to later be deployed in the home of elderly people. Results Our study showed strong similarities between the activities detected by the algorithm and the real activity pattern of the interviewed individual. In addition, the system was able to identify two daily patterns (weekday and weekend) of the person as he is a student and is present in class during the week. Conclusion A system composed of low-cost, unobtrusive, non-intrusive and miniaturized sensors is able to detect meal-taking activity and mobility. These results are an intermediate step in assessing the potential risk of social isolation in older people living alone based on these ADLs.Copyright © 2023 AGBM

Measurement and Processing of Thermographic Data of Passing Persons for Epidemiological Purposes.

Non-contact temperature measurement of persons during an epidemic is the most preferred measurement option because of the safety of personnel and minimal possibility of spreading infection. The use of infrared (IR) sensors to monitor building entrances for infected persons has seen a major boom between 2020 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 epidemic, but with questionable results. This article does not deal with the precise determination of the temperature of an individual person but focuses on the possibility of using infrared cameras for monitoring the health of the population. The aim is to use large amounts of infrared data from many locations to provide information to epidemiologists so they can have better information about potential outbreaks. This paper focuses on the long-term monitoring of the temperature of passing persons inside public buildings and the search for the most appropriate tools for this purpose and is intended as the first step towards creating a useful tool for epidemiologists. As a classical approach, the identification of persons based on their characteristic temperature values over time throughout the day is used. These results are compared with the results of a method using artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate temperature from simultaneously acquired infrared images. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.

Creating of a remote-presence robot based on the development board Texas Instruments to monitor the status of infected patients

Statistics show that many infections of employees in medical institutions are associated with direct contact with patients. Furthermore, the deterioration of the patient's condition in the intervals between doctor's rounds was observed. Therefore, control and reduction of morbidity through introducing new monitoring methods without the direct involvement of human resources remains an urgent issue. This paper considers an alternative method for monitoring the state of infectious patients undergoing treatment. In this article, we have described the use of standard elements for scanning the medical state of people for the timely detection of pathologies with the implementation of instant notification of the attending physician. Based on the functionality of the Texas Instruments Robotics System Kit (TI-RLSK) developer board and additional sensors, an autonomous robot scanner was created. The considered embodiment of the model systemizes the provided recording recognition of a specific patient with the parameters of the health state in a database. In addition, the navigating system with an updated real-time map of the area enables the robot to deliver medicine to patients.

Energy-efficient and Privacy-aware Social Distance Monitoring with Low-resolution Infrared Sensors and Adaptive Inference

Low-resolution infrared (IR) Sensors combined with machine learning (ML) can be leveraged to implement privacy-preserving social distance monitoring solutions in indoor spaces. However, the need of executing these applications on Internet of Things (IoT) edge nodes makes energy consumption critical. In this work, we propose an energy-efficient adaptive inference solution consisting of the cascade of a simple wake-up trigger and a 8-bit quantized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is only invoked for difficult-to-classify frames. Deploying such adaptive system on a IoT Microcontroller, we show that, when processing the output of a 8 × 8 low-resolution IR sensor, we are able to reduce the energy consumption by 37-57% with respect to a static CNN-based approach, with an accuracy drop of less than 2% (83% balanced accuracy). © 2022 IEEE.

A Survey on IoT-based Hand Hygiene Dispenser with Temperature and Level Monitoring Systems

Coronavirus flare-up chances human existence and it challenges the general wellbeing. Hand cleanliness, an extremely basic activity, is very much acknowledged to be one of the essential methods of decreasing medical care-related disease and of improving patient security. These days wearing masks, utilizing hand sanitizers, checking temperatures are being done in all places, and so forth yet at the same time in many spots individuals utilize conventional sanitizer gadgets which build the spread of microorganisms. Normally an individual is in charge of observing the body temperature and sanitizer level by taking a chance with his life. This survey Internet of Things (IoT) based hand sanitizer dispenser with temperature and level monitoring distinguishes the presence of the people and gives out alerts in form of the human voice to sanitize their hands if the dispenser goes unrecognized. Furthermore, we have a contactless sanitizer dispenser to stay away from contact among humans and dispensers which will keep us away from the further spread of infection and microorganisms. © 2022 IEEE.

IoT-Galvanized pandemic special E-Toilet for generation of sanitized environment

The entire world is enmeshing the pandemic COVID-19, which affected the public health and it is spread all over the world. Every country’s authority is making more and more efforts towards maintaining the public health as well as mental health and are developing the vaccination to control the COVID-19. As COVID-19 is an infected disease for which a sanitized environment must be chosen at top most priority to prevent infection. Most of the countries are facing the problem of incrementing the infection rate of COVID due to griminess problems. Most healthcare industries are also working to create a sanitized environment with incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT) which is resulting in the smart health care appliances for generating the sanitized environment. In this paper the researchers have developed an IoT- Galvanized Pandemic Special E-Toilet for generation of sanitized environment which resolves the issues of griminess problem. The proposed architecture has been comprising with three levels of working methodology as Occupancy Check, Auto Flush and Auto control of Appliances using Mobile Application. It is implemented using a raspberry pi board, Arduino Uno as a core unit of the system with interfacing the peripherals: IR sensor, Ultrasonic sensor and HC05 Bluetooth module, servo motor, Relay module, CFL lamp and LED. The proposed architecture has been simulated individually using single piece of sensor, then later assembled all the peripheral together and simulated. The proposed architecture can be used in field of education, industries, corporate offices, multiplexes, hospitals etc. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences & Cryptography is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Temperature Monitoring and Application of Machine Learning in Radiology for COVID-19 Pandemic

Entire world got hit by a pandemic due to COVID-19 virus. This virus had a huge toll on the human race which is the reason there is a need to detect such a threat on anearly stage. To detect the virus, some of its symptoms like high fever, cough, cold, and congestion in lungs. Spreading of this virus occurs due to a physical touch between two living or non-living surfaces. Therefore, constant sanitization is required in the contaminated zones. An advanced machine that can take a human X-ray and analyze for infection, check the temperature of the body as well as sanitize while a person is leaving can be a boon to detect cases early. In the entry stage, an X-ray machinewill take a chest X-ray of the person and use machine learning classifiers in order to detect any infection in lungs. On the second stage a temperature monitoring device using infrared sensor will check for high or low temperatures. Alongside, a sterilizing unit having UVC rays will disinfect the person in front of it. In this way, an instant checkup for COVID-19symptoms can help to eradicate the virus. This system can be used for offices, public places as well as medical facilities for detection of the virus. © 2021 IEEE.

Work Engagement Recognition in Smart Office.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a sudden change of traditional office works to smart working models, which however force many workers staying at home with a significant increase of sedentary lifestyle. Metabolic disorders, mental illnesses, and musculoskeletal injuries are also caused by the physical inactivity and chronic stress at work, threatening office workers' physical and physiological health. In the modern vision of smart workplaces, cyber-physical systems play a central role to augment objects, environments, and workers with integrated sensing, data processing, and communication capabilities. In this context, a work engagement system is proposed to monitor psycho-physical comfort and provide health suggestion to the office workers. Recognizing their activity, such as sitting postures and facial expressions, could help assessing the level of work engagement. In particular, head and body posture could reflects their state of engagement, boredom or neutral condition. In this paper we proposed a method to recognize such activities using an infrared sensor array by analyzing the sitting postures. The proposed approach can unobstructively sense their activities in a privacy-preserving way. To evaluate the performance of the system, a working scenario has been set up, and their activities were annotated by reviewing the video of the subjects. We carried out an experimental analysis and compared Decision Tree and k-NN classifiers, both of them showed high recognition rate for the eight postures. As to the work engagement assessment, we analyzed the sitting postures to give the users suggestions to take a break when the postures such as lean left/right with arm support, lean left/right without arm support happens very often.

Intelligent Temperature Measurement and Access Control System

Aiming at the problem of long queuing temperature and low efficiency during the period of COVID-19, an intelligent temperature measurement and access control system is designed. It is widely used in enterprises, institutions, scenic spots, commercial areas and other places with large traffic volume. The main control system adopts stm32f407zgt6 embedded chip, hc-sr501 human body infrared sensor is sensitive to human body proximity, and starts the temperature measurement system. Using hc-sr04 ultrasonic sensor to measure people's height and adjust the height of mlx9064esf temperature probe, the system has the characteristics of efficient real-time temperature monitoring, and improves the detection efficiency in places with large flow of people. The experimental results show that the system has good practical application effect. © 2022 IEEE

Contactless Palm Vein Biometric Authentication and Health Monitoring Device

Today, the novel COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on countries worldwide and impacted the lives and well-being of people across nations. Measures need to be taken to slow down the spread of such viruses, which can be reduced by taking proper precautions to avoid unnecessary contact and incurring hygienic habits. People can become infected by touching infected objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. We need proper and hygienic authentication systems for granting access to authorized users at various places such as companies, universities, banks, etc. Today there are multiple biometric systems that can serve this purpose, but to maintain hygiene we need systems that are contactless in nature thus to reduce spread of infections through touch. The palm vein pattern is distinctive biometric identity of individuals that is also a safe and reliable biometric authentication technique. The major advantage of palm vein biometric that we consider in our proposed system is that this kind of authentication can be done in a contactless way. Here, we propose an authentication system that uses palm vein pattern biometric to authenticate users in a contactless way. We have also added the functionalities of temperature detection and blood oxygen level detection to this system. These health symptoms are the major symptoms of various fatal virus infections such as the coronavirus. By checking the users for these symptoms before granting access, we can further limit the spread of infections and also help detect the infected patients. The proposed system does this in a contactless way. © 2021 IEEE.

Contactless EVM with Enhanced Security Mechanism

In this paper we propose the use of secure contactless Electronic Voting Machine(EVM). We used a Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) reader to authenticate the voter's identity, and Infrared(IR) sensors to implement contact-less voting to curb the spread of Covid-19. Significant components used are Arduino Uno, FC-51 Infrared Module, EM-18 RFID reader, keypad, and I2C PCF5874T for Liquid Crystal Display(LCD). The software used to program these components is Arduino IDE. This EVM ensures security in two ways - authorizing the identity of the voters before they are allowed to vote, as well as providing a contact-less experience for the voter. An extra layer of security is added, so that when the candidates and Election Commission are present and enter their respective passwords, only then can the results be accessed. © 2021 IEEE.

ParcelRestBox: IoT-Based Parcel Receiving Box System Design for Smart City in Malaysia

Online shopping in Malaysia recorded a significant increase annually. The number of online shopping rocketed due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and movement control order (MCO) enforced by the Malaysian government. The current situation contributes to the volume of the parcel that needs to be delivered by delivery companies in Malaysia. The case of unattended parcel delivery, parcel lost, and failed delivery attempts had caused a lot of trouble to the household and the delivery company. It costs time and money because the household lost their valuable parcel, and the delivery company needs to reschedule the delivery. ParcelRestBox aims to overcome these issues by accepting parcels delivered without requiring the recipient to be present and send a delivery notification to the household to alert parcel delivered. This paper discusses on the design and the development of the ParcelRestBox prototype towards the actual development of this system. The ParcelRestBox development is significant to households or recipients, delivery companies, and property developers. ParcelRestBox consists of a ParcelRestBox device with NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 microcontroller, infrared sensor, and Android mobile application. The Mobile Application Development Life Cycle (MADLC) methodology is adopted as a guideline in the project development. The ParcelRestBox mobile application works as an interface for the recipient to interact with the ParcelRestBox device. Every parcel delivery will be detected by the ParcelRestBox device, and the notification will be sent to ParcelRestBox mobile application to alert the user. Thus, this ParcelRestBox system is beneficial if it can be used by the household or adopted by property developer to equip newly developed property in smart city area in Malaysia. © 2021 IEEE.

A Low-Cost Smart Parcel Box System with Enhanced Security

A global pandemic of covid-19 has hastened the growth of online shopping or E-commerce. Nowadays, E-commerce transactions provide various products from luxury goods and services to everyday necessities. While the popularity of online shopping has grown fast, there are several common issues that shoppers experience. Common problems that customers experienced are failed delivery, missing parcels and even the criminal case. Malaysia has introduced Pos Laju Ezi Box Kiosk, but still contemporary Kiosk type approach for the delivery system has some problems such as high initial installation cost, the expense of management system and especially security weaknesses in the wireless communication. To overcome the aforementioned problems, this paper proposes a low-cost smart parcel box system that will be installed at individual homes with enhanced security. This system used Arduino Mega 2560 to control all the processes of the developed system. The system will be initiated when couriers send the parcel’s tracking number as a message to the user via applications to get the password. For security purpose, password will be provided once the courier’s message is the same as the message specified by the user. Couriers then can enter the password provided and insert the parcel into the smart parcel box. The proposed lowcost smart parcel box system ensures that parcels are delivered safely and securely to the customer’s door. © The 2022 International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics (ICAROB2022).

S-Light: Smart LED Lamppost using PWM-based Adaptive Light Controller

Conventional streetlight’s constant need for high power and the ill effects it has spawned on the environmental ecosystem has led researchers to adopt the idea of smart lights in order to minimize energy consumption and maximize power efficiency. This paper proposes S-LIGHT, which is a PWM-based LED adaptive light controlling system that can be deployed at public parks and other outdoor recreational venues, which applies intelligent illumination control of an LED lights. The design is based on Pulse Width Modulation technique which optimizes the overall power consumption and simultaneously supporting a multi-functional and user-friendly post. Smart street lighting aims to make cities feel safer at night, make lights more efficient, and substantially reduce costs of maintenance and energy by integrating sensors and alternative technologies to automate the light. S-LIGHT uses an Arduino UNO board along with a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor to swiftly increase the brightness of the high-power LED light during the night in the presence of human motion, and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor to turn on/off the light by adapting itself to the time of night/day. S-LIGHT also provides a multi-functional post that supports an emergency button feature that easily initiates an Emergency call to the police, a surveillance camera that streams live footage of the area, and an LCD screen that displays to the public awareness messages about the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 IEEE.